(Answer at the end).
TRANSDUCTION
By Charles Kocian
Mikhail Gorbachev died on the 30th of august of 2022. He ended the Soviet Union changing the world geopolitical power.
Wikipedia says that “Gorbachev was critical of U.S. hostility to Putin, arguing that the U.S. government “doesn’t want Russia to rise” again as a global power and wants “to continue as the sole superpower in charge of the world”. He declared that since the fall of the Soviet Union, the U.S., rather than cooperating with Russia, had conspired to build a “new empire headed by themselves”. He was critical of how the U.S. had expanded NATO right up to Russia’s borders despite their initial assurances that they would not do so, citing this as evidence that the U.S. government could not be trusted.”
What Gorbachev was looking for was a social transformation through politics reforms. It didn’t end well in the long term but changed the world. A different thing happened in Florence in the Renaissance.
Florence in the Renaissance.
Lorenzo di Piero de’ Medici was de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic and the most enthusiastic patron of Renaissance culture in Italy. He sponsored Botticelli and Michelangelo during the Golden Age of Florence.
Lorenzo de’ Medici.
He had a passionate desire for knowledge, especially the kind of experiment that puts knowledge to the test. The Medici’s stablished the “Bottega” system whereby each well-known artist could recruit ten years old apprentices. There was a high general level of enlightenment among patrons who stimulate artistic production. The Medici’s was a three-generation family in Florence: Cosimo, Piero, and Lorenzo. They protected the humanists who had fled Byzantium and his system of artistic patronage was widely imitated by the princes who ruled the courts of northern Italy.
The Medici’s helped to transform humankind for the better.
Lorenzo de’ Medici sculpture by Michelangelo in Florence.
But the great transformation of humankind started with the Greeks. They invented mathematics, sculpture, philosophy, science and medicine. They also createed complex literature like the Iliad and Odyssey that still influences today. They used epic poetry of the heroes who built the mind of the greeks.
The Iliad by Homer.
But that Golden Greek Age was ended by the Peloponesian wars. “The real cause I consider to be the one which was formally most kept out of sight. The growth of the power of Athens, and the alarm which this inspired in Lacedaemon, made war inevitable.” Those are words of Thucydides, a historian who was alive then and recorded the causes of the war who was fought between Sparta and Athens. That derived in the Macedonian takeover of Greece by Philip II of Macedon and then by Alexander the Great.
Parthenon of Athens.
But Alexander The Great was the student of Aristotle and he never forgot its teacher. Behind Alexander always was the wisdom of Aristotle and both transformed the world for the better.
Ancient Greek died with the death of Alexander in 323 BC. Two centuries later it was transformed into a Hellenistic Greece integrated to the Roman Republic.
Political transformations can change geopolitical balance of the world. Fortunately, a healthy human body with healthy sensory cells can transform energy into electrical impulses to inform our brains about the world.
CONCLUSION
Men, transforms political visions into geopolitical changes; sensory cells, transform energy into electrical impulses: transduction.
Now answer to question 15.
QUESTION N° 15
A sensory cell converting light into nerve impulse is called transduction.
a) True
b) False
The answer is: True.
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